HISTORY OF OZONE
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Adriana Schwartz PhD Compilation
Ozone has been known of since ancient times. In fact in Greek “ozein” means “smelling gas”.
The Catatumbo Lightning in Venezuela can be considered the major regenerator of the planet’s ozone layer. This phenomenon is capable of producing 1.176 million lightning bolts a year producing 10% of the earth’s ozone layer.
Discovered of the ozone
Ozone was discovered in 1785 by Dutch physicist Martinus Van Marum (1750-1837) by perceiving a peculiar odor that generated near the electrostatic machines, but it was not until May 1840 that the German chemist Christian Friedrich Schönbein (1799-1868) synthesizes it.
Schönbein was the son of a humble dyer who had to work from a young age to help support his eight siblings. With determination and strong will he was educated in physics and chemistry, working in a chemical plant in Erlangen. “The production of Ozone by Chemical Means”, which stated that: “Although physicists and chemists have no idea of the existence of a component, this does not disprove its existence”
Liebig a collaborator of Schönbein, suggested the term “ozonized oxygen”
In 1857 Werner von Siemens built the first superior induction tube, with which Kleinmann made the first attempts to destroy microorganisms and the first gas insufflations in animals and humans. In 1870, the German doctor Lender made the first publication on practical biological effects, relating to water disinfection. The discovery of the antimicrobial properties of ozone revolutionized medicine of the time, 70 years still remaining for the emergence of penicillin. The first report on ozone as a purifier of the blood appears
In 1873 Fox discovered the ability of this chemical agent for eliminating microorganisms. There is evidence of its use as a disinfectant since 1881, according to that mentioned by Dr. Kellogg in his book on diphtheria. The discovery crossed the ocean to North America and in 1885, the Florida Medical Association published the first textbook on medical applications of ozone, written by Dr. Kenworth.
In the old continent in 1893, the first facility in Ousbaden (Netherlands) for the disinfection and purification of water for human consumption and waste is created. Till this date, there are more than 3000 water treatment plants with ozone in this country. Zurich, Florence and other cities had been acquiring these systems to disinfect water.
Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) of Croatian origin and latter on US citizen, patented his first ozone generator in 1896; and in 1900 founded Nikola Tesla “Tesla Ozone Co., manufacturer of generators for medical use. Tesla was the first to ozonate olive oil.
According to Life Magazine’s special issue of September, 1997, Tesla is among the 100 most famous people of the last 1,000 years. Tesla was an enigmatic, eccentric and owner of a magnificent imagination when applied to the field of science, led him to developing ideas that came into dispute with the conventional knowledge of the time. An example of this is the Alternating Current, which at the time, crashed head-on with Thomas Alva Edison’s Direct Current.
The United States Supreme Court, in 1943 held Tesla as the inventor of radio technology and declared invalid the patent given to Marconi.
Tesla was a generous man, whose great concern was to ensure that energy were free and his pacifist ideals always advocated that his inventions were not used for military purposes.
In 1898 Drs. Thauerkauf and Luth create in Germany the Institute of Oxygen-Ozone Therapy and publish the first studies in animals.
Medical Ozone in the XX Century
In 1911, Dr. Noble Eberhart, head of the Department of Physiology of Loyola Chicago University, in the “Manual of High Frequency Operation”, states that he used ozone to treat tuberculosis, anemia, chlorosis, tinnitus, whooping cough, asthma, bronchitis, hay fever, insomnia, pneumonia, diabetes, gout and syphilis. He creates the first university teaching center dedicated among other things to ozone therapy.
GERMANY
Dr. Blass founds in 1913 the first German association of ozone therapy.
Meanwhile, the First World War in Europe had just exploded. In 1915, Dr. Wolf, chief surgeon of the medical services of the German army, extends its use for topical treatment of infected wounds, frozen foot, gangrene and decubitus ulcers.
For the first time in Switzerland, a dentist, Dr. Fish published in 1932 the applications of ozone in dentistry to treat caries, and patented the first device specifically for this application, the Cytozon.
In 1935 Edwin Payr (Austrian-German) shows the wound healing effect of ozone.
In 1935 Edwin Payr (Austrian-German) shows the wound healing effect of ozone.
In Germany, after the outbreak of World War II, Dr. Wolf published “Medical Ozone”, the most classic book about ozone therapy, which has come down to us as the Bible of the medical books dedicated to the ozone therapy.
Ozone generators of the time, many made with glass components, were not practical for field hospitals and could not compete on convenience and ease of use with new antibiotics that had appeared.
Despite its obvious usefulness, ozone as a healing method for infectious diseases, gradually falls into disuse. Moreover, in 1940, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) began sealing of medical ozone generators, promoting their own pharmaceutical industry, reinforced after the acquisition of a pharmaceutical giant of the moment, the German Bayer.
The emergence of plastics resistant to ozone leads in 1957, German physician Dr. Hänsler to manufacture the first modern ozone generator, which modern day generators base themselves of.
In 1961 Dr. Hans Wolff introduced in his practice the major and minor autohemotherapy. In the early 70 the German Society of Ozone Therapy is created which contributes to the momentum of ozone therapy and that it should be applied in different diseases.
RUSSIA
In the 70s appear the first communications from the Russians on the successful use of ozone in burned patients; the primary role was had in the former Soviet Union by the Clinic E. I. Ceppa in Estonia. At the same time, in Minsk (Belarus), the first patients were successfully treated of bronchial asthma with ozonated steam inhalations.
The most enthusiastic students and researchers of ozone in this part of the world, have been scientists, members of the Central Laboratory of Scientific Research of the State Academy of Medicine of Nizhny Novgorod (former Gorki), under the direction of the academician Ramn B. A. Koroleva. There, on October 1977, the first experiment on dogs with ozonated Saline solution was performed, which was then amply developed on humans.
In April 1979, for the first time in the world, ozonated cardioplegic solution was introduced into the coronary bed of a patient with a congenital heart defect.
In November 1986, the ozonation of the artificial circulatory system was performed for the first time, during the implant of an artificial mitral valve.
During the study of the new method “ozonized saline solution” and of the technology for its application, other methods were developed of application of ozone, for example, the use of ozone in the preservation of blood, blood ozonation and infusion ozonated saline during periods of post-operative and post-resuscitation. (Ozone Therapy Manual, Nizhny Novgorod, 2008. Translation from Russian into Spanish Adriana Schwartz).
In 2005, the Russians are the first who recorded at state level, the use of ozone in dermatology and cosmetology. Two year later (2007) they did on gynecology-obstetrics and neonatology; traumatology and burn treatment. Russia became the first country in the world to regularize and implement at the state level ozone therapy.
CUBA
Ozone therapy was introduced in Cuba in 1986, although since 1974 a group of specialists was already working on the basic aspects of this gas in medicine.
In 1988, the First National Congress of Ozone applications was held in Cuba with the participation of many countries, among them Spain
In 1990 the 1st Ibero-Latin American Congress of Ozone Therapy took place in Havana.
Ozone Research Center
Due to its medical benefits, under the scientific dependence of the National Center for Scientific Research, the government founded the Ozone Research Center in 1992, with scientific personnel from various professional areas. In this way, he concentrated the experience of several years of work developing research in the field of medicine, and was commissioned to direct the studies and expand the applications of medical ozone throughout the country.
This center became an international benchmark for ozone therapists from different parts of the world due to the important research and contributions it was making.
Unfortunately, since 2011, the Ozone Research Center has not functioned as designed. Medical research has been removed. The center has been reduced to treating patients in an international clinic and producing ozone-based products.
However, ozone therapy is widespread as a complementary and adjunctive treatment throughout the Cuban archipelago, and its use encompasses a wide group of specialties, which include, among others, orthopedics, neurology, dentistry, pediatrics, ophthalmology, dermatology, rheumatology and oncology.
THE HISTORY OF MEDICAL OZONE
Ozone was first discovered and named by German scientist C.F. Schonbein in 1840.
The first ozone generators were developed by Werner von Siemens in Germany in 1857
The first report of ozone being used to purify blood in test tubes was by the German Dr. C. Lender in 1870.
The first American therapeutic use of ozone was by Dr. John H. Kellogg in ozone steam saunas at his
Battle Creek, Michigan sanitarium from 1880, as he wrote in his book, "Diphtheria: Its Nature, Causes,
Prevention and Treatment
In October 1893, the world's first water treatment plant using ozone was installed in Ousbaden,
Holland, and today there are over 3000 municipalities around the world that use ozone to clean their
water and sewage, including all the great cities.
In 1885, the Florida Medical Association published "Ozone" by Dr. Charles J. Kenworthy, MD, detailing
the use of ozone for therapeutic purposes.
In September 1896, the electrical genius Nikola Tesla patented his first ozone generator, and in 1900
he formed the Tesla Ozone Co. Tesla sold ozone machines and ozonated olive oil to doctors for
medical use
In 1898, the Institute for Oxygen Therapy Healing was started in Berlin by Thauerkauf and Luth.
They experimented with injecting ozone. Ozone was bonded to magnesium in a catalytic process to
produce Homozon by Dr. Eugene Blass in 1898. Beginning in 1898, Dr. Benedict Lust, a German doctor
practicing in New York, established the practice of Naturopathy, based on ozone therapy.
Also in 1898, homeopathic Dr. S.R. Beckwith, of New York, published his booklet describing the use of
his invention, the Thermo-Ozone Generator, in the treatment of a wide variety of diseases.
In 1902, J.H. Clarke's "A Dictionary of Practical Materia Medica", London, describes the successful use
of ozonated water ("Oxygenium") in treating anemia, cancer, diabetes, influenza, morphine
poisoning, canker sores, strychnine poisoning and whooping cough.
In 1902, Dr. Charles Linder, MD, of Spokane, Washington was written up in an article in a local paper
that stated that he injected ozone as part of his standard medical practice.
In 1904, "The Medical Uses of Hydrozone (ozonated water) and Glycozone (ozonated olive oil)" by
Charles Marchand, a New York chemist appeared in its 19th edition. The book is in the Library of
Congress with the US Surgeon General's stamp of approval on it.
This active use of therapeutic ozone predates the establishment of the FDA in 1906 and therefore
qualifies ozone therapy to be grandfathered into acceptance.
In 1911, "A Working Manual of High Frequency Currents" was published by Dr. Noble Eberhart, MD,
the head of the Dept. of Physiologic Therapeutics at Loyola University, Chicago. In Chapter 9, he
details the use of ozone to treat tuberculosis, anemia, chlorosis, tinnitus, whooping cough, asthma,
bronchitis, hay fever, insomnia, pneumonia, diabetes, gout and syphilis.
In 1912, Dr. H.C. Bennett published "Electro-Therapeutic Guide". He described the use of Ozol, ozone
breathed after running through eucalyptus, pine or thyme oils.
In 1913, the Eastern Association for Oxygen Therapy was formed by Dr. Eugene Blass and some
German associates.
During World War I, (1914-1918 ) ozone was used to treat wounds, trench foot, gangrene and the
effects of poison gas.
Dr. Albert Wolff of Berlin also used ozone for colon cancer, cervical cancer and decubitus ulcers in 1915.
In 1920, Dr. Charles Neiswanger, MD, President of the Chicago Hospital College of Medicine published
"Electro Therapeutical Practice". Chapter 32 was entitle "Ozone as a Therapeutic Agent".
In the 1920s, Nikola Tesla allowed licensed production of an ozone air purifier in Canada, based on his
cold plasma design.
In 1926, Dr. Otto Warburg of the Kaiser Institute in Berlin announced that he had found that the cause
of cancer is a lack of oxygen at the cellular level. For his discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for
Medicine in 1931 and again in 1944, the only person ever to receive two Nobel Prizes for medicine.
He was also nominated for a third.
In 1929, a book called "Ozone and Its Therapeutic Action" was published in the US listing 114 diseases
and how to treat them with ozone. Its 40 authors were the heads of all the leading American
hospitals.
In 1930, the Swiss dentist Dr. E. A. Fisch was using ozone in dentistry, and wrote many papers on it. He
also introduced it to the Austrian surgeon Dr. Erwin Payr in 1932.
[In 1933, the American Medical Association, headed up by Morris Fishbein, set out to eliminate all
medical treatments that were competitive to drug therapy. The suppression of ozone therapy in the
US began then, and continues to this day, except in ten US states, where doctors are protected by
state laws. At the behest of the AMA, the FDA began seizing generators in the 1940s.]
In 1935, M. Sourdeau published a paper on "Ozone in Therapy" in France.
Dr. Aubourg and Dr. Lacoste were French physicians using ozone insufflation
1934-1938. Aubourg wrote "Medical Ozone: Production, Dosage and Methods of Clinical Application" in 1938. He gave
ozone rectally, vaginally, injected into wounds and by breathing. In 8000 applications, there were no
harmful side effects.
Dr. Hans Wolff wrote the book "Medical Ozone" in the 1940s.
In 1942, "Gordon Detoxification and Hydro Surgery: Theory and Practice" was published covering the
medical uses of ozone as colon cleanser.
During World War II, Dr. Robert Mayer learned of ozone therapy from German prisoners of war at Ellis
Island, and used ozone in his practice for the next 45 years.
In 1944, Dr. Otto Warburg earned his second Nobel Prize in Medicine for his discovery of the basic
cause of cancer in damaged cell respiration.
In 1948, Dr. William Turska of Oregon began using an ozone machine of his own design (Aethozone).
In 1951, Dr. Turska wrote the article "Oxidation", still appropriate today.
In 1952, the National Cancer Institute verified Dr. Otto Warburg's findings regarding lack of oxygen
being the cause of cancer.
From 1953, German Dr. Hans Wolff began training many doctors in ozone therapy.
In 1954, Frank Totney published "Oxygen : Master of Cancer".
In 1956, Dr. Otto Warburg published "On the Origin of Cancer Cells" in Science, 24 February 1956, Vol.
123, Num. 3191.
In 1957, Dr. J. Hansler patented an ozone generator which has formed the basis of the expansion in
German ozone therapy over the last 40 years. Today, over 8000 German doctors use ozone therapy
daily.
In 1961, the Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology stated: "During the 80 year history of the large
scale usage of ozone, there has never been a human death attributed to it".
In 1961, Dr. Hans Wolff introduced the techniques of major and minor autohemotherapy.
In 1966, Dr. Otto Warburg, now director of the Max Planck Institute for Cell Physiology, delivered a
lecture on "The Prime Cause and Prevention of Cancer" to a meeting of Nobel laureates at Lake
Constance, Germany.
In 1971, Dr. Hans Wolff and Prof. Dr. Siegfried Rilling founded The German Medical Society for Ozone Therapy.
n 1972, The International Association for Oxygen Therapy was founded by Dr. George Freibott as the
successor to the Eastern Association for Oxygen Therapy of 1913.
In 1977, Dr. Renate Viebahn provided an overview of ozone's biological action.
In 1979, Dr. George Freibott successfully treated a Haitian AIDS patient suffering Kaposi's sarcoma
with ozone.
In 1980, Dr. Horst Kief also reported success with ozone therapy for AIDS patients.
In 1980, F. Sweet, et al, publish "Ozone Selectively Inhibits Human Cancer Cell Growth" in the peer-
reviewed journal, Science, Vol. 209.
In 1982, the German medical textbook "Medical Ozone" is published by Dr. E. Fischer Medical
Publications in Heidelberg.
In 1983, the first International Ozone Association medical ozone conference was held, in Washington,
D.C., USA. The abstracts were published in the book "Medical Applications of Ozone", compiled and
edited by Julius Laraus.
In 1985, Dr. Renate Viebahn published "The Biochemical Process Underlying Ozone Therapy". Dr.
Siegfried Rilling published "Basic Clinical Applications of Ozone Therapy".
In 1987, Dr. Siegfried Rilling and Dr. Renate Viebahn collaborated on the publication of "The Use of
Ozone in Medicine", now the standard medical text on ozone application.
In 1990, the Cubans reported success in treating glaucoma, conjunctivitis and retinitis pigmentosa
with ozone.
In 1992, the Russians reported the successful use of ozone in a brine bath to treat burns.
In June 1994, Plasmafire Intl sponsored an ozone symposium in Vancouver, with 160 attendees, and
as a direct result, ozone therapy is recognized as an accepted modality by the Naturopathic
Association of BC, with over 40 naturopaths treating patients with ozone therapy currently.
Today, after 125 years of usage, ozone therapy is recognized in Germany, Italy, France, Russia,
Romania, Poland, Czech Republic, Hungary, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Israel, Japan, Singapore, Brazil, Cuba,
Mexico, 4 Canadian provinces and 14 US states (Alaska, Washington, California, Colorado, Nevada,
New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, Georgia, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Minnesota)
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